During the development of different cells, there are proteins that have the ability to turn genes on and off. These regulatory proteins leave a chemical mark, which was examined and compared to by different researchers. Cells from all different areas of the human body were studied to fully understand the human genome. Understanding the variation has helped understand human biology at a cellular level, but also stand as a way to understand different segments of DNA.
The human epigenome could even potentially explain how DNA and various diseases are connected. By knowing the original genome and epigenome, witnessing a change in genetics can provide an understanding of where conditions like Alzheimer's and fetal growth abnormalities spur from. The NIH is hoping to work on finding genetic signs to identify disease early. This is really interesting because human genetics are about to be completely understood. If this research keeps up, they'll probably find out what every piece of DNA codes!
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